Pdf effect of smallscale irrigation on the income of rural. Smallscale agriculture is the production of crops and livestock on a smallpiece of land without using advanced and expensive technologies. Potential to produce diversified food and generate income at small scale farmers level was evaluated. The impact of small scale irrigation on household food. Surveys carried out in ethiopia, ghana, and zambia, for example, found that more than 80% of all owners of small scale irrigation equipment used their own or their familys savings giordano et. Pdf defining smallscale farmers in the south african context. In china, nearly 98 percent of farmers cultivate farms smaller than 2 hectares the country alone accounts for almost half the worlds small farms. Smallscale farmers in communal areas of south africa have limited access to factors of production including credit and information. Climate change adaptation strategies by smallscale farmers. A case study of four community based irrigation schemes a thesis presented to the school of graduate studies addis ababa university in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of. Climate change adaptation strategies by smallscale. Challenges and opportunities of small scale irrigation utilization in rift valley basin, humbo woreda, ethiopia abebaw abiyu mesfin tebeje college of agriculture, wolaita sodo university, p. Ethiopias landholdings are often fragmented into small parcels, and the average farm size of less than one hectare is likely to decline further.
Agricultural intensification is presumed to be a necessary precondition for the development of the agricultural sector in ethiopia. The central goal of this paper is to measure and test the importance of the various sources of efficiency improvements in small scale farming in ethiopia paul and nehring, 2005. Hybrids are not always locally available, so you will be dependent on what can be obtained in your area. The paper highlights the situation of small scale farmers in an international context and compares it with the south african situation that is totally different. Small scale farmers in south africa are still facing major challenges in the agricultural sector. Aug 04, 2015 smallscale irrigation is a policy priority in ethiopia for rural poverty alleviation and growth 10, only around 5% of ethiopias irrigable land is irrigated 11, and less than 5% of total renewable water resources are withdrawn annually 12, so there is considerable scope for expansion. Socio economic and environmental impact assessment of community based small scale irrigation in the upper awash basin. Traditional smallscale irrigation development in ethiopia has a hist ory of antiquity. With climate change, severe droughts are likely to occur more often and to affect larger areas fao, 2011. Agriculture in ethiopia is the foundation of the countrys economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product gdp, 83.
Only around 5% of ethiopias irrigable land is irrigated world bank, 2006, and less than 5% of total renewable water resources are withdrawn annually. Due to a lack of largescale coffee producers in ethiopia, coffee producers are forced to turn to smallholder farmers for the procurement of coffee. In some countries local preference favours brown eggs. Do you think farming has to be one way or the other for ethiopia to increase its agricultural. Furthermore, small scale farmers are often driven by market conditions to explore alternative crop opportunities and potential. Furthermore, smallscale farmers are often driven by market conditions to explore alternative crop opportunities and potential. Assessment of market linkages for smallholder farmers of. For example, it has been reported that a majority of the farmers in ghana do not properly wear protective measures ntow et al. If the farmer is poor then so is the whole country. Promoting resilience and gender inclusive access to markets for smallscale farmers overview for over 70 years, are has worked in the worlds poorest communities to ensure that rural farmers have the resources they need to feed their families and communities. Using a panel data set of ethiopian subsistence farmers, we find that the most important factors determining farmers efficiency in ethiopia are.
Kamara, zuzana brixiova are research economist, research division manager and. These farmers are often seeking information about many different crops being grown under variable circumstances manganyi et al. Farmers adaptation strategies to climate change and their. There is a supposed conflict between smallholder farming versus large scale farming. Small scale irrigation development tesfaw m water resource and irrigation management, woldia university, ethiopia introduction the historical back ground of the country ethiopia shown that agriculture is the dominant activities to sustain rural communitys life and the base for peoples basic fulfillment. Accounting for over 85% of employment for the people of ethiopia, agriculture is vital. Inexpensive smallscale irrigation ssi can effectively build the resilience of vulnerable farming households by reducing their reliance. Buffaloes ducks 1 147 200 subtotal 2 345 200 annual revenue crops. Small scale irrigation development tesfaw m water resource and irrigation management, woldia university, ethiopia introduction the historical back ground of the country ethiopia shown that agriculture is the dominant activities to sustain rural communitys. Pdf commercialisation of smallholder agriculture in selected tef. Income risk and crop production patterns of smallscale farmers in eastern oromiya region of ethiopia. How to assist the smallscale farmer united nations.
Efficiency of smallscale farmers in ethiopia agecon search. Smallscale irrigation is a policy priority in ethiopia for rural poverty alleviation and growth mofed, 2006, as well as climate adaptation goe, 2007. Socio economic and environmental impact assessment of community based smallscale irrigation in the upper awash basin. In ethiopia, for example, the average farm size declined from 1. Within this context, this paper has as basic premise that in south africa the concept of smallscale farmer is usually valueladen, creates wrong impressions and is often viewed in a. The objective of this study is to explore the possibilities of improving production and income on small farms through better allocation of resources. Productivity and efficiency of small scale agriculture in ethiopia. Inexpensive small scale irrigation ssi can effectively build the resilience of vulnerable farming households by reducing their reliance. That requires both an attractive return on investment for them and a household income that supports ongoing investment in both farm and family. Project muse income risk and crop production patterns of. However, there is a large informal coffee market in which most of the coffee is traded. It remains a pressing issue as economic and social problem continues to affect plot holders which results in the practice of being undermined. The determinants of farmers incomes at the most basic level, a smallholder.
Ilri workshop, march 1416, addis ababa, ethiopia page 15 iii. Smallscale freshwater fish farming journey to forever. Abstract irrigation practice improves the welfare of the people. These small farms depend predominantly on family labour. Of interest is the adoption of smallscale irrigation, which currently does not play a signi. The land tilled by the ethiopian smallscale farmer accounts for 95 percent of the total area under agricultural use and these farmers are responsible for more than.
To this end, various government and nongovernmental organizations ngos, among others, initiated smallscale. Indeed droughts have been a regular occurrence in the past in many parts of the world with grave consequences on food security and malnutrition fao, 2011. Smallscale chicken production 12 if farm management is good, you can buy the more expensive and profitable hybrids. Small scale farming has become quite widespread in many areas of the world. Characteristics of small farms differ markedly from large farms, and unit 1.
Ninety five percent of ethiopias coffee is produced by small holder farmers on less than two. The fact that coffee farms are being changed into khat farms has offset newly planted coffee farms in other. This can only mean that small farms become smaller, and that there are more small farmers. Small scale irrigation is an important strategy in reducing risks associated with rainfall variability and increasing income of rural farm households. Improving small scale irrigation performance in ethiopia. Within this context, this paper has as basic premise that in south africa the concept of small scale farmer is usually valueladen, creates wrong impressions and is often viewed in a. Environments 2018, 5, 15 2 of 17 winds and the proliferation of diseases and pests 59. Challenges and opportunities of smallscale irrigation. As fish farming practices are very diverse, we have chosen to limit ourselves to small scale freshwater fish farming in the tropics. For smallholder farmers with limited production capacity, finding enough feed in the winter months to maintain good milk production is always a problem.
The impact of small scale irrigation on income of rural. Despite numerous efforts to introduce sustainable land management slm strategies and practices, their adoption by the primary target group, smallscale farmers in developing countries, has been slow. Irrigation development 4 type of scheme completed schemes number area ha beneficiaries small scale modern 86 4989 na small scale traditional na 15,000 na water harvesting3 41,097 4,109. Socio economic and environmental impact assessment of. A case study of four community based irrigation schemes a thesis presented to the school of graduate studies addis ababa university in the partial fulfillment of. Pdf effect of smallscale irrigation on the income of. The ev results revealed that both categories of farmers have the same degree of risk aversion as reflected by the. Only around 5% of ethiopia s irrigable land is irrigated world bank, 2006, and less than 5% of total renewable water resources are withdrawn annually. Small scale irrigation is a policy priority in ethiopia for rural poverty alleviation and growth mofed, 2006, as well as climate adaptation goe, 2007.
Smallscale farmers are those who are mainly located in rural areas where agriculture is the main activity to alleviate poverty and they are challenged by a number of constraints to increase productivity 14. Smallscale agriculture an overview sciencedirect topics. Most oilseeds are raised by small scale farmers, but sesame was also grown by large scale commercial farms before the era of land reform and the nationalization of agribusiness. Markets are often constrained by inadequate property rights and high transaction costs. Trends, constraints and opportunities 1 adeleke salami, abdul b. Many are forced to buy hay, concentrates or silage just to keep their animals alive and are unable to benefit due to the higher prices paid for animal feed in the winter months. Ethiopia is the largest producer of coffee in subsaharan africa and is the. It can be a viable alternative to factory farming or intensive agriculture.
Factors influencing smallscale farmers adoption of. The study revealed that all of the small scale intensive poultry farmers of the study area have feeling of threat in poultry production due to the increase in cost of feed 42. For small scale farmers, finance is not re adily av ailable, and some struggle to. Thus, the importance of adaptation measures for the 61. Furthermore, small scale farmers are often driven by market conditions to explore. Ensete false banana ensete, known locally as false banana, is an important food source in ethiopia s southern and southwestern highlands. Adoption of smallscale irrigation farming as a climate.
If you have all these things together, it is a model for success. Surveys carried out in ethiopia, ghana, and zambia, for example, found that more than 80% of all owners of smallscale irrigation equipment used their own or their familys savings giordano et. The paper highlights the situation of smallscale farmers in an international context and compares it with the south african situation that is totally different. Though the definition of size of these farms is a source of debate, it can be argued that farming on family pieces of land, on traditional lands and smallholdings on the periphery of urban areas, fall in this category. Threats of small scale intensive urban poultry farming.
As fish farming practices are very diverse, we have chosen to limit ourselves to smallscale freshwater fish farming in the tropics. Small scale agriculture is the production of crops and livestock on a small piece of land without using advanced and expensive technologies. Roles, constraints and opportunities of small scale. A subset of these farms, labeled small producers or smallholders, are at the center of many national and international policy initiatives. Decomposing sources of productivity change in smallscale farming in ethiopia kifle a. Wondemu is a consultant at the african development bank, abidjan, cote divoire. It also presents the problems and challenges in use of small scale irrigation. Different studies revealed that access to reliable irrigation water can enable farmers to adopt new technologies and intensify cultivation, leading to increased productivity. The land tilled by the ethiopian smallscale farmer accounts for 95% of the total area under agricultural use, and these farmers are responsible for more than 90% of the. In this paper some of the challenges faced by small scale farmers in the limpopo province have. Currently, the government is trying to transform from traditional and manual. The aim of the work was to develop farmafricas strategy for support to farming communities through intervention in smallscale irrigation. Small scale farmers in zambia face numerous challenges and one of this is the marketing of their products.
Small scale farmers have diverse information needs. However, there is a large informal coffee market in. The challenge and prospects of small scale enterprise in. Based on a study of family farms in southwestern ethiopia, we show the. Jun 02, 2016 small scale farming has become quite widespread in many areas of the world. July 2002 ii users feedback solicited the authors welcome suggestions for additions to this manual and for changes in the materials included in this edition and will include such changes in the next edition. The sector is dominated by smallscale farmers who practice rainfed mixed farming by employing traditional technology, adopting a lowinput and lowoutput production system.
Despite these problems, some smallscale farmers have managed to produce food for. Pdf defining smallscale farmers in the south african. The farm was implemented at selected site based on basic research information. Experiences, issues, guidelines and strategic options for farm africa, 86pp. Challenges and opportunities of smallscale irrigation utilization in rift valley basin, humbo woreda, ethiopia abebaw abiyu mesfin tebeje college of agriculture, wolaita sodo university, p. Constraints, opportunities and socioeconomic factors. Several small scale farmers in the hararge region have switched from coffee production to khat production. Defining smallscale farmers in the south african context. Pdf constraints and challenges facing the small scale. This study assesses the problem for the case of ethiopia. Despite numerous efforts to introduce sustainable land management slm strategies and practices, their adoption by the primary target group, small scale farmers in developing countries, has been slow. And, as pond fish farming is the most common form of fish cultivation in these areas, the information provided focuses on pond construction and pond management. The challenge and prospects of small scale enterprise in ethiopia. The study was carried out between december 2003 and august 2004, concluding with a workshop in addis ababa in july 2005.
Appia is a french acronym meaning improving irrigation performance in africa. Using an ethiopian national survey, we explore the relationship between yield, farm size and fragmentation. Defining smallscale farmers in the south african context article pdf available in agrekon 374 december 1998 with 12,257 reads how we measure reads. I think ethiopia has that much better than many other countries. To this end, various government and nongovernmental organizations ngos, among others, initiated small scale. Adoption of smallscale irrigation farming as a climatesmart. Promoting resilience and gender inclusive access to. Abstract the small scale industries have a very important and. When done right, it can be a sustainable activity that can feed a family and provide them enough money to pay for everything they need for living a. Imagine how strenuous it is for the same farmer after producing the goods and later. Box 8, wolaita sodo, ethiopia abstract ethiopia has abundant water resources, but its agricultural system does not yet fully benefit from the. Productivity of the farm was compared against productivity reported in the basic research and the farmers practice. Smallholder rural farm households participation in small scale irrigation.
Decomposing sources of productivity change in small scale. Improving smallscale irrigation performance in ethiopia through on the job training of extension officers. In ethiopia and egypt, farms smaller than 2 hectares constitute nearly 90 percent of the. To examine the impact of smallscale irrigation on income of rural farm households. Introduction the appia project is funded by the french government and implemented by iwmi. Mechanization in agriculture can refer to any size of machinery, from small manual handheld devices independent from electricity to large. When done right, it can be a sustainable activity that can feed a family and provide them enough money to pay for everything they need for living a good life.
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